Journal
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
Volume 421, Issue -, Pages -Publisher
ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA
DOI: 10.1016/j.cej.2020.127759
Keywords
Aqueous batteries; Non-metallic charge carrier; NH4+storage; Hydrogen bond chemistry; Full cell fabrication
Categories
Funding
- NSAF joint Fund [U1830106]
- Ningbo SAMP
- I Innovation 2025 Major Special Program [2018B10061]
- National Natural Science Foundation of China [51901205]
- K.C. Wong Magna Fund in Ningbo University
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This article systematically analyzes the electrochemical intercalation of NH4+ into Fe4[Fe(CN)6]3 in aqueous NH4+ batteries, proposing a novel intercalation mechanism. The density functional theory (DFT) calculations and other testing methods reveal the formation of hydrogen bonds and strong covalent bonds between NH4+ and Fe4[Fe(CN)6]3. Lastly, the assembly of a low-cost rocking-chair aqueous NH4+ full cell demonstrates durable cycling stability, showcasing its potential for sustainable battery applications.
Low-cost and high-safety aqueous batteries can provide high-value opportunities for grid-scale energy storage. In this article, the electrochemical intercalation of non-metallic charge carrier (NH4+) into iron hexacyanoferrate (Fe4[Fe(CN)6]3) has been systematically analyzed in aqueous NH4+ batteries. Comprehensive discussions are made based on the experimental and calculation results. Multiple testing methods are applied to illustrate the intercalation mechanism, and novel hydrogen bonds formed between NH4+ and N species of Fe4[Fe(CN)6]3 is initiatively proposed for the stabilization of the system, based on the density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Meanwhile, the density of states (DOSs) data of Fe4[Fe(CN)6]3 with and without HN4+ intercalation further indicates the formation of the strong covalent bonds, which is responsible for the good structural stability of the compound. Additionally, a low-cost rocking-chair aqueous NH4+ full cell is assembled based on NH4Greek ano teleiaFe4[Fe (CN)6]3 cathode and 3,4,9,10-Perylene-bis(dicarboximide) (PTCDI) anode, which exhibits durable cycling stability (capacity retention of nearly 90% over 300 cycles) as expected for great potential applications in the sustainable batteries.
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