Journal
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
Volume 428, Issue -, Pages -Publisher
ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA
DOI: 10.1016/j.cej.2021.131368
Keywords
Levulinic acid; Furfural; Modified chitosan; Aldol condensation; Jet fuel range alkanes
Categories
Funding
- National Key R&D Program of China [2019YFD1100601]
- National Natural Science Foun-dation of China [51876210]
- Chinese Academy of Sciences [XDA21060102]
- Local Innovative and Research Teams Project of Guangdong Pearl River Tal-ents Program [2017BT01N092]
- Guangdong Special Support Plan Science and Technology Innovation Leader Project [2019TX05L362]
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This paper successfully synthesized long carbon chain compounds by aldol condensation of furfural and levulinic acid using modified chitosan catalyst, which were further converted to long-chain branched alkanes for potential application as jet fuel components. The catalyst played an important role in promoting the formation of condensation products and preventing side reactions.
In this paper, jet fuel range alkanes were produced by aldol condensation of furfural and levulinic acid over modified chitosan catalyst and subsequent hydrodeoxygenation. NaOH modified chitosan was developed and used as a solid catalyst in the aldol condensation of furfural and levulinic acid to produce long carbon chain compounds. At room temperature, the total yield of condensation products reached 94.4% over NaOH/CT-4 catalyst. The amine of chitosan plays an important role in the aldol condensation, which reacted with the aldehyde group of the furfural, producing an intermediate Schiff base and promoting the formation of condensation products. This new route avoided the occurrence of side reactions caused by NaOH. Therefore, the yield of the products was greatly increased. Moreover, kinetic analysis of the condensation reaction and the test of catalyst repeatability were also conducted with NaOH/CT-4. The condensation products were further converted to long-chain branched alkanes by hydrodeoxygenation over the 5 wt% Pd/NbOPO4 catalyst. As a potential application, these alkanes could be mixed with and used as the components of jet fuels.
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