Journal
CERAMICS INTERNATIONAL
Volume 48, Issue 2, Pages 1947-1955Publisher
ELSEVIER SCI LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.ceramint.2021.09.279
Keywords
Chemically-bonded ceramics; Magnesium phosphate cements; Polyvinyl alcohol; Chemical cross-link; X-ray tomography
Categories
Funding
- Czech Science Foundation GA CR [20-01280S]
- Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics [RVO 68378297]
- project CALIPSOplus from the EU Framework Programme for Research and Innovation HORIZON 2020 [730872]
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A novel ceramic composite achieved through the introduction of polyvinyl alcohol and cross-link reaction exhibited beneficial effects such as extended working time, reduced water sensitivity, and decreased heat evolution rate.
A novel ceramic composite has been obtained by introducing polyvinyl alcohol in magnesium-based chemically bonded ceramics and exploiting the cross-link reaction with glutaraldehyde during setting. The properties of the obtained material and the interaction of the polymer with the cement reaction have been investigated. Several beneficial effects were observed. Namely, an extension of the working time, a reduction in the water sensitivity, a decrease in the rate of the heat evolution during hardening. The latter has been ascribed to the intervention of surface adsorption processes, which hindered the dissolution of MgO, as well as the nucleation and growth of the magnesium phosphate products, in concert with the film forming ability of the polymer. Thanks to the complementarity of their mechanical properties, the cement and the additive operated in a synergistic fashion, allowing for the obtainment of a material possessing higher strength and better elastic properties. Threedimensional quantitative image analysis from synchrotron X-ray microcomputed tomography evidenced the development of a more compact microstructure, comprising a higher number of crystals of smaller size. As a consequence, the pore network exhibited a higher fraction of small pores and lower pore connectivity. These characteristics contributed to hinder the water absorption, as confirmed by the fluid transport simulations within the volume. The observed correlation between the solution pH and the polymer cross-link density offers the way to effectively modulate the material performance by acting on the chemical environment thanks to its compatibility with the cross-link reaction.
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