Prior infection with SARS-CoV-2 boosts and broadens Ad26.COV2.S immunogenicity in a variant-dependent manner

Article Immunology

Antibody potency, effector function, and combinations in protection and therapy for SARS-CoV-2 infection in vivo

Alexandra Schafer et al.

Summary: The study shows that combined use of hu-mAbs is effective for prevention and therapy of SARS-CoV-2 infection, but in vivo protection is influenced by intact effector function.

JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE (2021)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Correlates of protection against SARS-CoV-2 in rhesus macaques

Katherine McMahan et al.

Summary: Adoptive transfer of purified IgG from convalescent macaques protects naive macaques against SARS-CoV-2 infection, and cellular immune responses contribute to protection against rechallenge with SARS-CoV-2. The findings suggest that relatively low antibody titres are sufficient for protection against SARS-CoV-2 in macaques, while higher antibody titres are required for treatment of SARS-CoV-2 infection.

NATURE (2021)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Human neutralizing antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 require intact Fc effector functions for optimal therapeutic protection

Emma S. Winkler et al.

Summary: This study found that neutralizing human monoclonal antibodies in SARS-CoV-2-infected animals require Fc effector functions for optimal protection, reducing inflammation, improving respiratory mechanics, and being associated with diminished immune signaling and tissue repair.

CELL (2021)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Immunogenicity of the Ad26.COV2.S Vaccine for COVID-19

Kathryn E. Stephenson et al.

Summary: The study evaluated the immunogenicity of the Ad26.COV2.S vaccine in human participants, showing rapid induction of spike-specific humoral and cellular immune responses. Various antibody subclasses, Fc receptor binding properties, and antiviral functions were induced, along with CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell responses.

JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION (2021)

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Letter Medicine, General & Internal

Binding and Neutralization Antibody Titers After a Single Vaccine Dose in Health Care Workers Previously Infected With SARS-CoV-2

Saman Saadat et al.

Summary: This study compared the titers of binding and neutralizing antibodies in healthcare workers previously infected with SARS-CoV-2 after receiving a single dose of mRNA coronavirus vaccine.

JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION (2021)

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Letter Medicine, General & Internal

Antibody response to first BNT162b2 dose in previously SARS-CoV-2-infected individuals

Charlotte Manisty et al.

LANCET (2021)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Detection of a SARS-CoV-2 variant of concern in South Africa

Houriiyah Tegally et al.

Summary: The article describes a newly emerged lineage of SARS-CoV-2, 501Y.V2, characterized by eight mutations in the spike protein, which may result in increased transmissibility or immune escape. This lineage originated in South Africa and quickly became dominant in Eastern Cape, Western Cape, and KwaZuluNatal provinces within weeks.

NATURE (2021)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Antibody resistance of SARS-CoV-2 variants B.1.351 and B.1.1.7

Pengfei Wang et al.

Summary: The COVID-19 pandemic has had global repercussions, with promising vaccines and monoclonal antibody therapies. However, newly detected variants of SARS-CoV-2 present challenges to these treatment options.

NATURE (2021)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

SARS-CoV-2 501Y.V2 escapes neutralization by South African COVID-19 donor plasma

Constantinos Kurt Wibmer et al.

Summary: The SARS-CoV-2 virus in the B.1.351 variant discovered in South Africa can evade neutralization by most antibodies when expressed, but does not affect binding by convalescent plasma. This suggests the potential for reinfection with antigenically distinct variants and predicts reduced efficacy of spike-based vaccines.

NATURE MEDICINE (2021)

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Article Microbiology

Kinetics and correlates of the neutralizing antibody response to SARS-CoV-2 infection in humans

Kanika Vanshylla et al.

Summary: The study reveals a wide spectrum of neutralizing antibody response to SARS-CoV-2, with sustained antibodies in the majority of individuals with mild COVID-19 for up to 10 months after infection.

CELL HOST & MICROBE (2021)

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Review Pharmacology & Pharmacy

Targeting Fc effector function in vaccine design

Simone I. Richardson et al.

Summary: Fc effector functions play a crucial role in disease control and protection against infectious diseases, making them important targets for vaccine design. Strategies to elicit and modulate these functions are essential for optimal prevention against infectious diseases.

EXPERT OPINION ON THERAPEUTIC TARGETS (2021)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Escape of SARS-CoV-2 501Y.V2 from neutralization by convalescent plasma

Sandile Cele et al.

Summary: The study compared the neutralization of non-VOC and 501Y.V2 VOC variants using plasma from COVID-19 patients in South Africa. It found that plasma from individuals infected during the first wave effectively neutralized the first-wave virus variant, while plasma from those infected in the second wave effectively neutralized the 501Y.V2 variant.

NATURE (2021)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Prior SARS-CoV-2 infection rescues B and T cell responses to variants after first vaccine dose

Catherine J. Reynolds et al.

Summary: Vaccination with a single dose of BNT162b2 after prior infection with a heterologous variant substantially enhances neutralizing antibody responses against variants. In contrast, individuals without prior infection showed reduced immunity against variants after receiving a single vaccine dose.

SCIENCE (2021)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Reduced neutralization of SARS-CoV-2 B.1.617 by vaccine and convalescent serum

Chang Liu et al.

Summary: Recent study examined the neutralizing ability of monoclonal antibodies, convalescent and vaccine sera against the Indian variants B.1.617.1 and B.1.617.2, showing that the neutralization of these variants is reduced compared to the ancestral strains, without widespread antibody escape as seen in other variants like B.1.351.

CELL (2021)

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Article Microbiology

SARS-CoV-2 spike L452R variant evades cellular immunity and increases infectivity

Chihiro Motozono et al.

Summary: Research has shown that certain mutations in SARS-CoV-2 variants can escape HLA-restricted cellular immunity, increase affinity for host cells, promote viral replication, and potentially affect the evolution of viral phenotypes.

CELL HOST & MICROBE (2021)

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Article Microbiology

A single dose of the SARS-CoV-2 vaccine BNT162b2 elicits Fc-mediated antibody effector functions and T cell responses

Alexandra Tauzin et al.

Summary: A single dose of the BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine can be up to 90% effective, with boosted humoral and T cell responses in previously infected individuals. Therefore, spacing doses may help vaccinate more people in conditions of limited vaccine supply.

CELL HOST & MICROBE (2021)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Reduced sensitivity of SARS-CoV-2 variant Delta to antibody neutralization

Delphine Planas et al.

Summary: The SARS-CoV-2 B.1.617 Delta variant, first identified in India in 2020, has become dominant in some regions and is spreading to many countries. This variant shows resistance to certain monoclonal antibodies and antibodies in convalescent sera, as well as reduced neutralization by some COVID-19 vaccines. Administration of two doses of the vaccine is needed for a neutralizing response against the Delta variant.

NATURE (2021)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Immunogenicity of Ad26.COV2.S vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 variants in humans

Galit Alter et al.

Summary: The Ad26.COV2.S vaccine has shown clinical efficacy against symptomatic COVID-19, including the B.1.351 variant, but there is uncertainty regarding its immunogenicity against SARS-CoV-2 variants. The study found that neutralizing antibody responses were reduced against the B.1.351 and P.1 variants, while non-neutralizing antibody responses and T cell responses were largely preserved against SARS-CoV-2 variants.

NATURE (2021)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Naturally enhanced neutralizing breadth against SARS-CoV-2 one year after infection

Zijun Wang et al.

Summary: Despite challenges posed by COVID-19 variants, convalescent individuals receiving mRNA vaccines exhibit robust and long-lasting immune responses against circulating SARS-CoV-2 variants, providing hope for effective control of the pandemic.

NATURE (2021)

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Letter Medicine, General & Internal

Thromboembolic Events in the South African Ad26.COV2.S Vaccine Study

Simbarashe Takuva et al.

NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE (2021)

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Letter Medicine, General & Internal

Durable Humoral and Cellular Immune Responses 8 Months after Ad26.COV2.S Vaccination

Dan H. Barouch et al.

NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE (2021)

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Letter Medicine, General & Internal

Infection and Vaccine-Induced Neutralizing-Antibody Responses to the SARS-CoV-2 B.1.617 Variants

Venkata-Viswanadh Edara et al.

NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE (2021)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Antibody responses after a single dose of ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine in healthcare workers previously infected with SARS-CoV-2

Sebastian Havervall et al.

Summary: The study compared antibody levels in healthcare workers previously infected with SARS-CoV-2 who received a single dose of ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine and SARS-CoV-2 naive participants who received two doses of BNT162b2 vaccine, finding higher immune response in the former.

EBIOMEDICINE (2021)

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Article Immunology

SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern partially escape humoral but not T- cell responses in COVID-19 convalescent donors and vaccinees

Daryl Geers et al.

Summary: This study suggests that some variants might partially escape humoral immunity induced by SARS-CoV-2 infection or BNT162b2 vaccination, but the S-specific CD4(+) T-cell activation is not affected by the mutations in the B.1.1.7 and B.1.351 variants.

SCIENCE IMMUNOLOGY (2021)

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Article Cell Biology

Impact of SARS-CoV-2 variants on the total CD4+ and CD8+ T cell reactivity in infected or vaccinated individuals

Alison Tarke et al.

Summary: The study showed that SARS-CoV-2 variants do not significantly disrupt total T cell reactivity, although decreases in response frequency of 10%-22% were observed under certain assay/VOC combinations. This underscores the importance of actively monitoring T cell responses in the context of SARS-CoV-2 evolution.

CELL REPORTS MEDICINE (2021)

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Article Biochemical Research Methods