Journal
CELL BIOLOGY INTERNATIONAL
Volume 46, Issue 1, Pages 52-62Publisher
WILEY
DOI: 10.1002/cbin.11711
Keywords
exosomes; extracellular vesicles; migrasomes; podocyte injury; podocytopathy; urinary biomarkers
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Funding
- Kidney Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran [62690]
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Podocytes are highly specialized kidney epithelial cells that can release injury-related migrasomes. pEVs, especially migrasomes, appear to be more sensitive and reliable indicators of podocyte stress and/or damage than proteinuria in the early stages of kidney diseases.
Podocytes, highly specified kidney epithelial cells, live under several pathological stimuli and stresses during which they adapt themselves to keep homeostasis. Nevertheless, under extreme stress, a complex scenario of podocyte damage and its consequences occur. Podocyte damage causes foot process effacement and their detachment from the glomerular basement membrane, leading to proteinuria. Podocyte-derived extracellular vesicles (pEVs), mainly microparticles and exosomes are considered as signaling mediators of intercellular communication. Recently, it has been shown that throughout the injury-related migration procedure, podocytes are capable of releasing the injury-related migrasomes. Evidence indicates that at the early stages of glomerular disorders, increased levels of pEVs are observed in urine. At the early stage of nephropathy, pEVs especially migrasomes seem to be more sensitive and reliable indicators of podocyte stress and/or damage than proteinuria. This review highlights the current knowledge of pEVs and their values for the diagnosis of different kidney diseases.
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