4.7 Review

Nanobodies: a tool to open new horizons in diagnosis and treatment of prostate cancer

Journal

CANCER CELL INTERNATIONAL
Volume 21, Issue 1, Pages -

Publisher

BMC
DOI: 10.1186/s12935-021-02285-0

Keywords

Nanobody; VHH; Prostate cancer; PSMA; PSA

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The research explores the application of nanobodies in targeting and sensing prostate cancer cells, aiming at efficient identification and elimination of cancer cells. These specialized nanobodies derived from camel heavy chain antibodies show promising potential in biosensors and cancer diagnostic kits.
Background Prostate cancer is one of the most common cancers in men and its incidence has increased dramatically in the last decade. This increase in the detection of this type of cancer is based more on the detection of PSA or PSMA antigens as the most important specific antigens of this cancer, and this early detection has greatly helped in the more optimal treatment of patients. Main body Many methods have been proposed by researchers for early detection of prostate cancer, but most of the methods used today to detect this type of cancer have been using classical antibodies. Although classical antibodies are able to detect tumor cell markers, but instability, large size, costly and laborious production, and random immobility characteristics, causes many problems. Nanobodies or VHHs, which are derived from camel heavy chain antibodies, have special advantages and have eliminated the disadvantages of classical antibodies which makes them attractive to use in biosensors and cancer diagnostic kits. The research that has been done so far shows that the introduced nanobodies are created for the purpose of targeting, detecting and sensing prostate cancer cells with two main purposes. The first is the efficient identification of prostate cancer and the second is the elimination of cancer cells. Conclusion Research shows the use of specific nanobodies against prostate cancer antigens in the design of biosensors and target therapy will be very interesting. In this review article, these nanobodies are introduced and categorized based on their performance.

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