Journal
BRITISH JOURNAL OF PHARMACOLOGY
Volume 179, Issue 14, Pages 3651-3674Publisher
WILEY
DOI: 10.1111/bph.15811
Keywords
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Categories
Funding
- Lundbeck Foundation [R313-2019-526]
- Novo Nordisk Foundation [NNF18OC0031226]
- German Research Foundation DFG [KO4095/5-1, DFG-407626949, 290847012]
- Instituto de Salud Carlos III FEDER [PI18/00094]
- Ministry of Economy, Industry and Competitiveness [AC18/00030]
- COST (European Cooperation in Science and Technology) [CA18133]
- ERA-NET NEURON
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GPCRs regulate various physiological processes and their effects depend on the pairing of a receptor and a ligand. Ligands that induce biased signalling can lead to better drug effects and fewer side effects. However, ligand bias is complex, making it necessary to develop guidelines for designing and reporting biased signalling experiments.
GPCRs modulate a plethora of physiological processes and mediate the effects of one-third of FDA-approved drugs. Depending on which ligand activates a receptor, it can engage different intracellular transducers. This 'biased signalling' paradigm requires that we now characterize physiological signalling not just by receptors but by ligand-receptor pairs. Ligands eliciting biased signalling may constitute better drugs with higher efficacy and fewer adverse effects. However, ligand bias is very complex, making reproducibility and description challenging. Here, we provide guidelines and terminology for any scientists to design and report ligand bias experiments. The guidelines will aid consistency and clarity, as the basic receptor research and drug discovery communities continue to advance our understanding and exploitation of ligand bias. Scientific insight, biosensors, and analytical methods are still evolving and should benefit from and contribute to the implementation of the guidelines, together improving translation from in vitro to disease-relevant in vivo models.
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