Role of cholecystokinin in satiation: a systematic review and meta-analysis

The aim of this review was to examine: (1) the ability of cholecystokinin (CCK) or analogues of CCK to influence satiation and changes in body weight generally and (2) the efficacy of CCK in influencing satiation and eating behaviour specifically at physiological levels of dosing. A systematic review of the literature was performed following the PRISMA 2020 guidelines in five electronic databases investigating the effect of exogenous CCK or analogues on satiation and body weight. A meta-analysis of studies that infused CCK and measured satiation via changes in food/energy intake was also conducted. A total of 1054 studies were found using the search terms which were reduced to fifteen studies suitable for inclusion. Of the twelve studies measuring the effect on the weight of food ingested or energy intake, eleven showed a decrease. An analogue of CCK which can be administered orally failed to produce any weight loss at 24 weeks. The meta-analysis found the effect of CCK on satiation dosed at physiological levels was significant with a standardised mean difference of 0 center dot 57 (95 % CI 0 center dot 30, 0 center dot 85, P < 0 center dot 0001). By comparison, CCK dosed at higher, pharmacological levels also had a significant effect with a standardised mean difference of 0 center dot 91 (95 % CI 0 center dot 46, 1 center dot 36, P < 0 center dot 0001). Eight of the ten studies in the meta-analysis combined CCK infusion with some means to facilitate stomach distension. The present review found evidence that at both physiological and pharmacological levels of dosing CCK has a significant effect on satiation but no evidence for weight loss over the long term.

Automated summary

This study examined the effects of cholecystokinin (CCK) on satiation and changes in body weight. The findings suggest that CCK has a significant effect on satiation at physiological levels of dosing, but there is no evidence of long-term weight loss.