4.7 Article

Breast cancer hypoxia in relation to prognosis and benefit from radiotherapy after breast-conserving surgery in a large, randomised trial with long-term follow-up

Journal

BRITISH JOURNAL OF CANCER
Volume 126, Issue 8, Pages 1145-1156

Publisher

SPRINGERNATURE
DOI: 10.1038/s41416-021-01630-4

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Funding

  1. Allmanna Sjukhusets i Malmo stiftelse for bekampande av cancer
  2. Anna and Edwin Berger Foundation
  3. National Health Services
  4. Gunnar Nilsson Cancer Society
  5. Hans von Kantzows Foundation
  6. Marianne and Marcus Wallenberg Foundation
  7. Mrs Berta Kamprad Research Foundation
  8. O.E. and Edla Johansson's foundation
  9. Percy Falk Foundation
  10. Swedish Breast Cancer Association
  11. Swedish Cancer and Allergy Foundation
  12. Swedish Cancer Society
  13. Swedish Cancer Foundation [190479]

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This study found that postoperative radiotherapy still benefits patients with hypoxic primary breast tumors. However, compared to patients with HIF-1 alpha-negative tumors, patients with HIF-1 alpha-positive tumors had a higher risk of recurrence and breast cancer death.
Background Breast-conserving surgery followed by radiotherapy is part of standard treatment for early-stage breast cancer. Hypoxia is common in cancer and may affect the benefit of radiotherapy. Cells adapt to hypoxic stress largely via the transcriptional activity of hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1 alpha. Here, we aim to determine whether tumour HIF-1 alpha-positivity and hypoxic gene-expression signatures associated with the benefit of radiotherapy, and outcome. Methods Tumour HIF-1 alpha-status and expression of hypoxic gene signatures were retrospectively analysed in a clinical trial where 1178 women with primary T1-2N0M0 breast cancer were randomised to receive postoperative radiotherapy or not and followed 15 years for recurrence and 20 years for breast cancer death. Results The benefit from radiotherapy was similar in patients with HIF-1 alpha-positive and -negative primary tumours. Both ipsilateral and any breast cancer recurrence were more frequent in women with HIF-1 alpha-positive primary tumours (hazard ratio, HR(0-5 yrs)1.9 [1.3-2.9], p = 0.003 and HR0-5 yrs = 2.0 [1.5-2.8], p < 0.0001). Tumour HIF-1 alpha-positivity is also associated with increased breast cancer death (HR0-10 years 1.9 [1.2-2.9], p = 0.004). Ten of the 11 investigated hypoxic gene signatures correlated positively to HIF-1 alpha-positivity, and 5 to increased rate/risk of recurrence. Conclusions The benefit of postoperative radiotherapy persisted in patients with hypoxic primary tumours. Patients with hypoxic primary breast tumours had an increased risk of recurrence and breast cancer death.

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