Journal
BMC MEDICINE
Volume 20, Issue 1, Pages -Publisher
BMC
DOI: 10.1186/s12916-022-02252-0
Keywords
Ad26; COV2; S; BNT162b2; mRNA-1273; Antibody binding; Neutralizing antibodies; Antigen-specific B cells; Antigen-specific T cells
Categories
Funding
- NIH [75N9301900065]
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This study compared the immunogenicity of Ad26.COV2.S and mRNA vaccines and found that mRNA vaccines elicited stronger humoral immune responses, while there were no significant differences in antigen-specific B cell and T cell responses between the two vaccine classes.
Background Protection from severe disease and hospitalization by SARS-CoV-2 vaccination has been amply demonstrated by real-world data. However, the rapidly evolving pandemic raises new concerns. One pertains efficacy of adenoviral vector-based vaccines, particularly the single-dose Ad26.COV2.S, relative to mRNA vaccines. Main body We investigated the immunogenicity of Ad26.COV2.S and mRNA vaccines in 33 subjects vaccinated with either vaccine class 5 months earlier on average. After controlling for the time since vaccination, Spike-binding antibody and neutralizing antibody levels were higher in the mRNA-vaccinated subjects, while no significant differences in antigen-specific B cell and T cell responses were observed between the two groups. Conclusions A dichotomy exists between the humoral and cellular responses elicited by the two vaccine classes. Testing only for humoral responses to compare the durability of SARS-CoV-2 vaccine-induced responses, as typically performed for public health and research purposes, is insufficient.
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