Homologous recombination proficiency in ovarian and breast cancer patients

Homologous recombination and DNA repair are important for genome maintenance. Genetic variations in essential homologous recombination genes, including BRCA1 and BRCA2 results in homologous recombination deficiency (HRD) and can be a target for therapeutic strategies including poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors (PARPi). However, response is limited in patients who are not HRD, highlighting the need for reliable and robust HRD testing. This manuscript will review BRCA1/2 function and homologous recombination proficiency in respect to breast and ovarian cancer. The current standard testing methods for HRD will be discussed as well as trials leading to approval of PARPi's. Finally, standard of care treatment and synthetic lethality will be reviewed.

Automated summary

The text discussed the importance of homologous recombination and DNA repair for genome maintenance, as well as the impact of genetic variations in essential homologous recombination genes such as BRCA1 and BRCA2 on homologous recombination deficiency (HRD) and potential therapeutic strategies. It also highlighted the need for reliable HRD testing methods, as well as current treatment and research on synthetic lethality in HRD.