Humoral and cellular responses after COVID-19 vaccination in anti-CD20-treated lymphoma patients

Review Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Adaptive immunity to SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19

Alessandro Sette et al.

Summary: The adaptive immune system, consisting of B cells, CD4(+) T cells, and CD8(+) T cells, plays varying roles in different viral infections and vaccines. Studies are showing that CD4(+) T cells, CD8(+) T cells, and neutralizing antibodies all play a part in controlling SARS-CoV-2 in COVID-19 cases, emphasizing the importance of understanding adaptive immunity in combating the disease.

CELL (2021)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Interim Results of a Phase 1-2a Trial of Ad26.COV2.S Covid-19 Vaccine

J. Sadoff et al.

Summary: The study conducted a multicenter, placebo-controlled, phase 1-2a trial, with participants randomly assigned to receive the Ad26.COV2.S vaccine. The results showed that the safety and immunogenicity profiles of the vaccine support further development.

NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE (2021)

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Article Hematology

Efficacy of the BNT162b2 mRNA COVID-19 vaccine in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia

Yair Herishanu et al.

Summary: Patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia have a significantly impaired antibody response to the BNT162b2 mRNA COVID-19 vaccine, which is influenced by disease activity and treatment.

BLOOD (2021)

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Article Oncology

COVID-19 vaccine efficacy in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia

Lindsey E. Roeker et al.

LEUKEMIA (2021)

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Article Urology & Nephrology

Early Humoral Responses of Hemodialysis Patients after COVID-19 Vaccination with BNT162b2

Claudius Speer et al.

Summary: Patients receiving long-term hemodialysis show a reduced antibody response to the first and second doses of the mRNA vaccine BNT162b2. The majority (82%) develop neutralizing antibodies after the second dose but at lower levels than healthy controls.

CLINICAL JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF NEPHROLOGY (2021)

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Article Hematology

Immunogenicity of the BNT162b2 COVID-19 mRNA vaccine and early clinical outcomes in patients with haematological malignancies in Lithuania: a national prospective cohort study

Kazimieras Maneikis et al.

Summary: Patients with haematological malignancies exhibit blunted and heterogeneous antibody responses after receiving the full course of BNT162b2 mRNA vaccination. Those actively treated with BTKIs, ruxolitinib, venetoclax, or anti-CD20 antibody therapies show the poorest responses, while patients who received tyrosine kinase inhibitors or various types of stem-cell transplantation had higher antibody responses. Severe breakthrough SARS-CoV-2 infections and deaths in fully vaccinated patients with haematological malignancies highlight the importance of continued adherence to non-pharmacological interventions and household vaccination.

LANCET HAEMATOLOGY (2021)

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Article Immunology

Heterologous ChAdOx1 nCoV-19/BNT162b2 Prime-Boost Vaccination Induces Strong Humoral Responses among Health Care Workers

Louise Benning et al.

Summary: This study demonstrates that heterologous ChAdOx1 nCoV-19/BNT162b2 vaccination is safe and induces a strong and broad humoral response in healthy individuals.

VACCINES (2021)

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Article Hematology

COVID-19 in Patients Receiving CD20-depleting Immunochemotherapy for B-cell Lymphoma

Erik Gaitzsch et al.

Summary: B-cell depleted lymphoma patients with COVID-19 experienced more severe and prolonged clinical course, with early activation of monocytes/macrophages, neutrophils, and the complement system, exacerbation of inflammatory response, and dysfunctional interferon signaling leading to clinical deterioration. Additionally, these patients showed SARS-CoV-2-specific T-effector cell responses but struggled with long-term viral shedding and inability to sustain lasting antibody responses.

HEMASPHERE (2021)

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Letter Hematology