Journal
BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY
Volume 343, Issue -, Pages -Publisher
ELSEVIER SCI LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.126145
Keywords
Biomass; Ammonia torrefaction; Duration; Nitrogen-containing chemicals; Nitrogen-rich biochar
Funding
- National Natural Science Foundation of China [52176193]
- National Key Research and Development Program of China [2019YFD1100602]
- Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation, China [ZR2020ME184]
- SDUT & Zhoucun City Integration Development Project [2020ZCXCZH09]
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This study focused on preparing nitrogen-containing chemicals and nitrogen-rich biochar using ammonia torrefaction pretreatment technology, and evaluated the effects of temperature and duration on the characteristics of the products. It was found that higher torrefaction temperature led to increased nitrogen content and promoted the formation of quaternary-N while reducing other nitrogen species. Ammonia torrefaction was also found to promote pyridine formation and decrease oxygen-containing species, with torrefaction duration positively impacting the yield of nitrogen-containing chemicals.
In this study, nitrogen-containing chemicals and nitrogen-rich biochar were prepared using ammonia (NH3) torrefaction pretreatment technology. The effects of temperature and duration of torrefaction on the characteristics of torrefaction and pyrolysis products were evaluated. The results indicated that when the torrefaction temperature was increased to 290 degrees C, the nitrogen content increased significantly from 0.98% to 6.85%. XPS analysis showed that the raw biomass mainly contained amide-N and pyrrole-N. As the torrefaction temperature and duration increased, quaternary-N formation was promoted, while amide-N, pyrrole-N, and pyridine-N were consumed. Potential nitrogen doping and transformation pathways during the ammonia torrefaction process were proposed. GC-MS analysis showed that ammonia torrefaction promoted the formation of pyridines, while reducing the content of oxygen-containing species. In addition, torrefaction duration had positive effects on the yield of nitrogen-containing chemicals.
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