Journal
BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY
Volume 344, Issue -, Pages -Publisher
ELSEVIER SCI LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.126291
Keywords
Cometabolism; Enzymes; Omics; Pharmaceuticals; Transformation products
Funding
- Spanish Government (Agencia Estatal de Investigacion) [PID2019-110346RB-C21]
- PhD Xunta de Galicia Grant [ED481A-2018/113]
- Universidade de Santiago de Compostela [GRC ED431C 2017/29]
- FEDER (EU)
- Defense University Center at the Spanish Naval Academy (CUD-ENM)
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This review focuses on the metabolic activities, mechanisms, and enzymatic activities involved in the biotransformation of organic micropollutants in wastewater treatment plants under different redox environments. Common methodologies for studying such enzymes, including in vitro enzyme assays, enzymatic inhibitors, analysis of transformation products, and various -omic techniques, are discussed. Perspectives on major challenges and future research requirements to enhance the biotransformation of organic micropollutants are proposed.
Biotransformation of trace-level organic micropollutants (OMPs) by complex microbial communities in wastewater treatment facilities is a key process for their detoxification and environmental impact reduction. Therefore, understanding the metabolic activities and mechanisms that contribute to their biotransformation is essential when developing approaches aiming to minimize their discharge. This review addresses the relevance of cometabolic processes and discusses the main enzymatic activities currently known to take part in OMPs removal under different redox environments in the compartments of wastewater treatment plants. Furthermore, the most common methodologies to decipher such enzymes are discussed, including the use of in vitro enzyme assays, enzymatic inhibitors, the analysis of transformation products and the application of several -omic techniques. Finally, perspectives on major challenges and future research requirements to improve OMPs biotransformation are proposed.
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