Journal
BIOMEDICINE & PHARMACOTHERAPY
Volume 142, Issue -, Pages -Publisher
ELSEVIER FRANCE-EDITIONS SCIENTIFIQUES MEDICALES ELSEVIER
DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111959
Keywords
Skin delivery; Grape pomace; Ethanol-water extraction; Phospholipid vesicles; Fibroblasts; Antioxidant
Funding
- MIUR
- PON RI
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This study aims to extract bioactive compounds from grape pomace to manufacture innovative nanoformulations for skincare, which have high antioxidant activity. The vesicles prepared are highly biocompatible and able to protect cells from oxidative stress.
The present study is aimed at valorizing grape pomace, one of the most abundant winery-making by-products of the Mediterranean area, through the extraction of the main bioactive compounds from the skin of grape pomace and using them to manufacture innovative nanoformulations capable of both avoiding skin damages and promoting skincare. The phytochemicals were recovered through maceration in hydroethanolic solution. Catechin, quercetin, fisetin and gallic acid, which are known for their antioxidant power, were detected as the main compounds of the extract. Liposomes and phospholipid vesicles modified with glycerol or Montanov 82 (R) or a combination of both, were used as carriers for the extract. The vesicles were small (-183 nm), slightly polydispersed (PI >= 0.28), and highly negatively charged (--50 mV). The extract was loaded in high amounts in all vesicles (-100%) irrespective of their composition. The antioxidant activity of the extract, measured by using the DPPH (2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) test, was 84 +/- 1%, and slightly increased when loaded into the vesicles (-89%, P < 0.05). The grape pomace extract loaded vesicles were highly biocompatible and able to protect fibroblasts (3T3) from the oxidative stress induced by hydrogen peroxide.
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