Engineering of the current nucleoside-modified mRNA-LNP vaccines against SARS-CoV-2

Currently, there are over 230 different COVID-19 vaccines under development around the world. At least three decades of scientific development in RNA biology, immunology, structural biology, genetic engineering, chemical modification, and nanoparticle technologies allowed the accelerated development of fully synthetic messenger RNA (mRNA)-based vaccines within less than a year since the first report of a SARS-CoV-2 infection. mRNA-based vaccines have been shown to elicit broadly protective immune responses, with the added advantage of being amenable to rapid and flexible manufacturing processes. This review recapitulates current advances in engineering the first two SARS-CoV-2-spike-encoding nucleoside-modified mRNA vaccines, highlighting the strategies followed to potentiate their effectiveness and safety, thus facilitating an agile response to the current COVID-19 pandemic.

Automated summary

The review highlights the rapid development of mRNA-based COVID-19 vaccines within less than a year after the first SARS-CoV-2 infection. These vaccines elicit broadly protective immune responses and are amenable to rapid and flexible manufacturing processes, aiding in an agile response to the current pandemic.