4.5 Review

Impact of calcific aortic valve disease on valve mechanics

Journal

BIOMECHANICS AND MODELING IN MECHANOBIOLOGY
Volume 21, Issue 1, Pages 55-77

Publisher

SPRINGER HEIDELBERG
DOI: 10.1007/s10237-021-01527-4

Keywords

Calcific aortic valve disease; CAVD; Leaflet load; Aortic valve; Shear stress

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The aortic valve is a complex structure affected by multiple factors, with diseases such as calcific aortic valve disease (CAVD) requiring a comprehensive consideration of molecular, tissue, and mechanical factors. Research focuses on understanding the biomechanical loads on the aortic valve, as well as strategies to combat CAVD.
The aortic valve is a highly dynamic structure characterized by a transvalvular flow that is unsteady, pulsatile, and characterized by episodes of forward and reverse flow patterns. Calcific aortic valve disease (CAVD) resulting in compromised valve function and increased pressure overload on the ventricle potentially leading to heart failure if untreated, is the most predominant valve disease. CAVD is a multi-factorial disease involving molecular, tissue and mechanical interactions. In this review, we aim at recapitulating the biomechanical loads on the aortic valve, summarizing the current and most recent research in the field in vitro, in-silico, and in vivo, and offering a clinical perspective on current strategies adopted to mitigate or approach CAVD.

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