Journal
BIOMATERIALS
Volume 279, Issue -, Pages -Publisher
ELSEVIER SCI LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2021.121230
Keywords
Implantation; Transcriptome analysis; Microglia; Astrocytes; Neural probes
Funding
- German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) [FMT 13GW0230A]
- German Research Foundation's (DFG) Cluster of Excellence BrainLinks-BrainTools [EXC 1086]
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Long-term implantation of (micro-)probes into neural tissue leads to unique responses in glial cells. While animals implanted for 18 weeks show signs of recovery, upregulation of certain genes suggests that structural and functional remodeling is not complete at this time point.
Long term implantation of (micro-)probes into neural tissue causes unique and disruptive responses. In this study, we investigate the transcriptional trajectory of glial cells responding to chronic implantation of 380 mu m flexible micro-probes for up to 18 weeks. Transcriptomic analysis shows a rapid activation of microglial cells and a strong reactive astrocytic polarization, both of which are lost over the chronic of the implant duration. Animals that were implanted for 18 weeks show a transcriptional profile similar to non-implanted controls, with increased expression of genes associated with wound healing and angiogenesis, which raises hope of a normalization of the neuropil to the pre-injury state when using flexible probes. Nevertheless, our data shows that a subset of genes upregulated after 18 weeks belong to the family of immediate early genes, which indicates that structural and functional remodeling is not complete at this time point. Our results confirm and extend previous work on the molecular changes resulting from the presence of neural probes and provide a rational basis for developing interventional strategies to control them.
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