Journal
BIOMASS & BIOENERGY
Volume 154, Issue -, Pages -Publisher
PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.biombioe.2021.106231
Keywords
Palm oil soap stock; Acidification; Esterification; Biodiesel; Immobilized ALG-PVA lipase
Funding
- Royal Golden Jubilee (RGJ) PhD Programme, Bangkok, Thailand [PHD/0018/2557]
- Research Centre for Environmental and Hazardous Substance Management (EHSM), Faculty of Engineering, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
- Center of Excellence on Hazardous Substance Managememt (HSM), Bangkok, Patumwan, Thailand
- Newton Fund Institutional Links 2019/2020, British Council, London, UK
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The study recycled palm oil soap stock waste into bio-fuel, producing biodiesel through acidification and esterification reactions, achieving a zero waste production process.
Palm oil soap stock (POSS) was recycled from bio-waste to bio-fuel. Firstly, POSS was converted through acidification to be acidified POSS (APOSS) coupled with solvent extraction. APOSS with a high content of free fatty acids (FFAs) (90.94%) was obtained. Subsequently, the FFAs in APOSS were converted to biodiesel via esterification, catalyzed by immobilized alginate-polyvinyl alcohol (ALG-PVA) lipase. The key factors affecting the reaction, such as the temperature (30-50 degrees C), methanol to FFA molar ratio (2:1 to 4:1), and agitation rate (150-250 rpm) were optimized by statistical response surface methodology (RSM). The highest biodiesel yield was achieved with a reaction temperature of 40 degrees C, methanol/FFA molar ratio of 3:1, and 200 rpm agitation rate, as the optimal conditions. Furthermore, the biocatalyst can be reused up to 16 cycles. Interestingly, the alter-native biodiesel production process reported herein promotes zero waste from the palm oil refinery process.
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