Towards a comprehensive assessment of interoception in a multi-dimensional framework

Interoception has historically been assessed using behavioural tests of accuracy, self-report measures or through the characterisation of neural signals underlying interoceptive processing. More recent conceptualisations of interoception incorporate interoceptive attention and higher-order measures related to the interpretation of interoceptive signals. At present, these interoceptive dimensions are largely assessed in isolation, yet this fails to capture the complexity of interoception. Comprehensive assessment across interoceptive dimensions can determine the full operation of general interoceptive function. Current work suggests that these interoceptive processes may be dissociable across dimensions and bodily axes, with differential mapping to cognitive and emotion processing. To characterise differences in interoceptive profiles, all interoceptive dimensions can be assessed within individuals, both within a single bodily axis (e.g., cardiac) or across bodily axes. Future work can better delineate how these interoceptive measures correspond to different types of processing. Comprehensive interoceptive assessment can help isolate selective interoceptive disruptions in different clinical conditions.

Automated summary

Interoception is commonly assessed through behavioral tests, self-report measures, or neural signal analysis. Recent research has expanded the concept of interoception to include attention and interpretation of interoceptive signals. However, current assessment methods focus on individual dimensions and fail to capture the complexity of interoception. Comprehensive assessment across dimensions can provide a better understanding of overall interoceptive function, revealing differences in processing across dimensions and bodily axes. Future research can explore the relationship between interoceptive measures and different types of processing. Comprehensive interoceptive assessment can help identify selective disruptions in clinical conditions.