Local Bacillus species as potential biocontrol agents for Meloidogyne enterolobii in melon (Cucumis melo L.)

Biological control is an environmentally safe alternative in the management of nematodes. The selection of new biocontrol agents has focused on the potential of Bacillus species in in vitro and in vivo studies. In this study, twenty-three local Bacillus isolates were characterised and evaluated for metabolisable carbon source, secondary metabolite production and nematicidal action. The in vitro antagonism studies were evaluated after direct confrontation between infecting juveniles of M. enterolobii and bacterial isolates. In a greenhouse, nematicidal activity was evaluated 51 days after nematode inoculation in melon plants previously inoculated with the bacteria and cultivated in pots. The numbers of egg masses, galls, J2 and eggs in the root, J2 in the soil, the reproduction factor and the biomass yield of the plants were evaluated. From the results obtained in the laboratory experiments, it was observed that five carbon sources (D-glucose, N-acetyl-glucosamine, D-maltose, malic acid and trisodium citrate) were common to all isolates, with variation in the production of secondary metabolites. The sum of nematostatic and nematicidal effects was above 90%. In the pot experiment, a significant reduction in the number of galls was observed with the treatments LCB 03, LCB 40, LCB 45, LCB 47, LCB 51, LCB 56 and LCB 5(3) and there was no increase in plant biomass. Root protection may be associated with effective colonisation through biofilm formation and the action of metabolites with nematicide and disorientation action. However, it is necessary to carry out further studies.

Automated summary

Biological control using Bacillus species shows potential in inhibiting nematodes. Experimental results suggest that certain Bacillus isolates have nematostatic and nematicidal effects, indicating a possible future strategy for nematode management through biocontrol. Further studies are needed to explore the full potential of this approach.