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Molecular and mesoscopic geometries in autophagosome generation. A review

Journal

BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES
Volume 1863, Issue 12, Pages -

Publisher

ELSEVIER
DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2021.183731

Keywords

Lipid geometry; Lipid intrinsic curvature; Membrane curvature; Proteins and membrane curvature; Autophagy; Membrane fusion and fission; Mesoscopic physics

Funding

  1. Spanish Ministry of Economy [FEDER MINECO PGC2018-099857-B-I00]
  2. Basque Government [IT1270-19]
  3. Fundacion Biofisica Bizkaia
  4. Basque Excellence Research Centre (BERC) program of the Basque Government
  5. MINECO

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Autophagy is a crucial process for cell self-repair and survival, involving the formation of autophagosomes that deliver cargo for degradation and re-use. The complex event of autophagosome formation requires specific proteins and membrane biogenesis, with curvature playing a key role in the process.
Autophagy is an essential process in cell self-repair and survival. The centre of the autophagic event is the generation of the so-called autophagosome (AP), a vesicle surrounded by a double membrane (two bilayers). The AP delivers its cargo to a lysosome, for degradation and re-use of the hydrolysis products as new building blocks. AP formation is a very complex event, requiring dozens of specific proteins, and involving numerous instances of membrane biogenesis and architecture, including membrane fusion and fission. Many stages of AP generation can be rationalised in terms of curvature, both the molecular geometry of lipids interpreted in terms of 'intrinsic curvature', and the overall mesoscopic curvature of the whole membrane, as observed with microscopy techniques. The present contribution intends to bring together the worlds of biophysics and cell biology of autophagy, in the hope that the resulting cross-pollination will generate abundant fruit.

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