Functional anatomy of the vagus system-Emphasis on the somato-visceral interface

Due to its pivotal role in autonomic networks, the vagus attracts continuous interest from both basic scientists and clinicians. In particular, recent advances in vagus nerve stimulation strategies and their application to pathological conditions beyond epilepsy provide a good opportunity to recall basic features of vagal peripheral and central anatomy. In addition to the classical vagal brainstem nuclei, i.e., dorsal motor nucleus, nucleus ambiguus and nucleus tractus solitarii, the spinal trigeminal and paratrigeminal nuclei come into play as targets of vagal afferents. On the other hand, the nucleus of the solitary tract receives and integrates not only visceral but also somatic afferents. Thus, the vagus system participates significantly in what may be defined as somatovisceral interface.

Automated summary

The vagus nerve plays a crucial role in autonomic networks and has drawn continuous interest from both basic scientists and clinicians. Recent advancements in vagus nerve stimulation strategies and their applications provide an opportunity to review basic features of vagal peripheral and central anatomy. Beyond the classical vagal brainstem nuclei, other nuclei like the spinal trigeminal and paratrigeminal nuclei also serve as targets for vagal afferents, while the nucleus of the solitary tract integrates visceral and somatic afferents, contributing significantly to the somatovisceral interface.