Visible Opacity of M Dwarfs and Hot Jupiters: The TiO B3 Π-X3Δ Band System

The TiO B-3 Pi - X-3 Delta electronic transition (gamma' system) is an important opacity source in the atmospheres of M dwarfs and hot Jupiter exoplanets. The 0-0, 1-0, and 2-1 bands of the B-3 Pi - X-3 Delta band system have been analyzed using a TiO emission spectrum recorded at the McMath-Pierce Solar Telescope, operated by the National Solar Observatory at Kitt Peak, Arizona. Improved spectroscopic and equilibrium constants were determined. Line strengths were calculated from an ab initio transition-dipole moment function scaled using an experimental lifetime. A new line list for v' = 0-2 and v '' = 0-4 of the B-3 Pi - X-3 Delta band system is provided.

Automated summary

The TiO B-3 Pi - X-3 Delta electronic transition (gamma' system) is a significant source of opacity in the atmospheres of M dwarfs and hot Jupiter exoplanets. Analyzing the TiO emission spectrum, the 0-0, 1-0, and 2-1 bands of the B-3 Pi - X-3 Delta band system were studied, resulting in improved spectroscopic and equilibrium constants, as well as a new line list.