Fe II emission in active galactic nuclei

We review problems raised by Fe II emission in active galactic nuclei (AGNs) and address the question of its relationship to other broad-line region (BLR) lines. The self-shielding, stratified, BLR model of Gaskell, Klimek & Nazarova (Astrophysics, 2007; GKN) predicts that Fe II emission comes from twice the radius of H beta, in agreement with widths of lines of Fe II lines being only 70% of the widths of H beta. This disagrees with some reverberation mapping results, which have suggested that Fe II and H beta arise at similar radii. The highest quality reverberation mapping, however, supports the predictions that Fe II comes from twice the radius of H beta. We suggest that lower quality reverberation mapping of Fe II is biased to give too small lags. We conclude that, in agreement with the GKN model, the region emitting Fe II is the outermost part of the BLR just inside the surrounding dust. The model naturally gives the Doppler broadening required by models of Fe II emission. Optical Fe II emission implies typical reddenings of E(B-V)similar to 0.20. This helps to explain the ratio of UV to optical Fe II emission. Simulations show that the amplitude of Fe II variability is consistent with being the same as for H beta variability. The Fe II/H beta ratio is a good proxy for the Eddington ratio. The ratio might be driven in part by the strong soft X-ray excess because the X-rays destroy grains and release iron into the gas phase. We propose that the correlation of Fe II strength of radio and host galaxy properties is a result of AGN downsizing.

Automated summary

This study reviews the problems raised by Fe II emission in active galactic nuclei (AGNs) and investigates its relationship with other broad-line region (BLR) lines. The results suggest that the Fe II emission originates from twice the radius of H beta, which is in agreement with the Gaskell, Klimek & Nazarova (GKN) model. The study also finds that the Fe II/H beta ratio can serve as a good proxy for the Eddington ratio.