Journal
APPLIED SOIL ECOLOGY
Volume 168, Issue -, Pages -Publisher
ELSEVIER
DOI: 10.1016/j.apsoil.2021.104108
Keywords
Carya illinoinensis; Tuber brumale; Tuber aestivum; Nutritional parameters; Brazilian subtropics
Categories
Funding
- Coordenacao de Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal de Nivel Superior-Brazil (CAPES) [001]
- Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico (CNPq)
- Department of Soils/Universidade Federal de Santa Maria-UFSM
- Graduate Program in Soil Science/UFSM
- Politechnical College/UFSM
- International Union Organization of Forest Research Organization - IUFRO
- European Forest Institute - EFI
- Brazil-Slovenia bilateral project [BI-BR/11-13-005 (SRA)/490648/2010-0 (CNPq)]
- project WILDFOOD -Eating the wild: Improving the value-chain of Mediterranean Wild Food Products (WFP) through program Partnership on Research and Innovation in the Mediterranean Area (PRIMA) of the Section Call 2-Topic 2.3.2 RIA Enhancing horizontal a [J4-1766]
- Research Program in Forest Biology, Ecology and Technology of the Slovenian Research Agency [P4-0107]
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The study found that under southern subtropical conditions, pecan trees can successfully form ectomycorrhizae with Tuber species fungi, positively affecting growth parameters and nutrient content of pecan cultivars. Pecan cultivars inoculated with Tuber fungi showed higher biomass accumulation and growth, with no signs of nutrient deficiency in root and shoot parameters.
Pecan trees are known to form ectomycorrhizae with a wide range of fungi, including commercial truffles that can be cultivated in agroforestry systems. Here, we investigated whether pecans can be successfully mycorrhized by Tuber spp. and whether the mycorrhization affects growth parameters and nutrient content of two productive pecan cultivars under southern subtropical conditions. We also sought to define procedures of mycorrhization adapted to the subtropics. The seedlings of two pecan cultivars (Barton and Importada) were inoculated with both Tuber aestivum and T. brumale and grown in a nursery for 12 months. The levels of ectomycorrhizal colonization and the morphological and chemical parameters of the seedlings were analyzed. The proposed mycorrhization protocol was successful, as all truffle-inoculated seedlings exhibited a high percentage of mycorrhized fine roots, on average 70% with T. aestivum and 88% with T. brumale. In both pecan cultivars, mycorrhization by the Tuber species reached levels at which all seedlings would qualify as suitable for commercialization. Notably, the cultivar Barton inoculated with T. brumale exhibited higher total biomass accumulation and growth of roots and shoots. Shoot and root parameters did not show nutrient deprivation. The nutrient status after one year of cultivation in a nursery also supported that the applied protocol was adequate to maintain healthy mycorrhized seedlings with suitable nutritional status for out-planting of seedlings in a commercial plantation. To our knowledge, this is the first study on the mycorrhization of pecan seedlings with European truffles under southern subtropical conditions. Our results suggested that the tested cultivars have a high potential for truffle production considering the necessary substrate, site, and management adaptations for selected commercial truffle species and the requirements for pecan orchards.
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