Four-terminal perovskite/silicon tandem solar cells based on large-area perovskite solar cells utilizing low-cost copper semi-transparent electrode

This paper presents the fabrication of large-area four-terminal (4 T) perovskite-Si solar cells. Large-area semi-transparent perovskite solar cells were fabricated by utilizing a thin copper layer as the low-cost transparent electrode. Carrier selective contact (CSC)-based Si solar cell was also fabricated with molybdenum oxide (MoOx) hole selective layer. Large-area semi-transparent perovskite solar cells (PSCs) with active areas 1 cm(2) and 2 cm(2) showed a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 5.07% and 4.10%, respectively. The CSC Si solar cell displayed a PCE of 3.42%. The CSC-Si cell exhibited an efficiency of 2.24% under filtered light when placed under the semi-transparent perovskite top cell. The four-terminal effect was also demonstrated with a commercially available monocrystalline-Si solar cell. The efficiency of commercial c-Si solar cell was 14.11% under 100 mW cm(-2) illumination and 10.08% under filtered light. The combined efficiency values of the 4 T configurations with perovskite top cell and the bottom CSC Si cell, and the commercial c-Si solar cell, were 7.31% and 15.15%, respectively. These values were more than the individual cell efficiencies. [GRAPHICS] .

Automated summary

This paper presents the fabrication of large-area four-terminal perovskite-Si solar cells and discusses their efficiencies. Large-area semi-transparent perovskite solar cells were fabricated using a thin copper layer as a transparent electrode, and a carrier selective contact-based Si solar cell was also fabricated. The efficiencies of these cells and a commercially available monocrystalline-Si solar cell were evaluated under different illumination conditions, and the combined efficiencies of the 4 T configurations were calculated.