Osteosarcoma Patient-derived Orthotopic Xenograft (PDOX) Models Used to Identify Novel and Effective Therapeutics: A Review

Background/Aim: Recurrent osteosarcoma is recalcitrant with poor response rates to first-line chemotherapy due to heterogeneity and metastatic potential. This disease requires novel drug discovery and precision treatment. Materials and Methods: The osteosarcoma patient-derived orthotopic xenograft (PDOX) mouse model mimics the clinical disease and has identified effective clinically-approved drugs and experimental agents, especially drug combinations, that hold much clinical promise. Results: Effective treatment for drug resistant osteosarcoma includes regorafenib, as monotherapy, and temozolomide-irinotecan, trabectedin-irinotecan, sorafenibeverolimus, sorafenib-palbociclib, and olaratumab-doxorubicincisplatinum, as combinations. Conclusion: The PDOX model can be used to improve the outcome of osteosarcoma patients, including individualized, precision therapy.

Automated summary

The study demonstrates that the PDOX model can be used to identify effective drug treatments for recurrent osteosarcoma, including both monotherapy and drug combinations. This model holds promise for improving treatment outcomes for osteosarcoma patients.