Canine coat pigmentation genetics: a review

Our understanding of canine coat colour genetics and the associated health implications is developing rapidly. To date, there are 15 genes with known roles in canine coat colour phenotypes. Many coat phenotypes result from complex and/or epistatic genetic interactions among variants within and between loci, some of which remain unidentified. Some genes involved in canine pigmentation have been linked to aural, visual and neurological impairments. Consequently, coat pigmentation in the domestic dog retains considerable ethical and economic interest. In this paper we discuss coat colour phenotypes in the domestic dog, the genes and variants responsible for these phenotypes and any proven coat colour-associated health effects.

Automated summary

Our understanding of canine coat colour genetics and health implications is rapidly advancing, with 15 genes known to play roles in determining canine coat colour phenotypes. Many coat phenotypes are influenced by complex and/or epistatic genetic interactions, with some genes associated with aural, visual and neurological impairments. Coat pigmentation in domestic dogs continues to be of significant ethical and economic interest.