Wearable Potentiometric Sensor Based on Na0.44MnO2 for Non-invasive Monitoring of Sodium Ions in Sweat

Here, we present a wearable potentiometric ion sensor for real-time monitoring of sodium ions (Na+) in human sweat samples using Na0.44MnO2 as the sensing material. Na0.44MnO2 is an attractive material for developing wearable electrochemical sensors due to its good Na+ incorporation ability, electrical conductivity, stability, and low fabrication cost. In the first step, the analytical performance of the electrode prepared using Na0.44MnO2 is presented. Then, a miniaturized potentiometric cell integrated into a wearable substrate is developed, which reveals a Nernstian response (58 mV dec(-1)). We achieved the detection of Na+ in the linear ranges of 0.21-24.54 mmol L-1, which is well within the physiological range of Na+. Finally, for on-body sweat analysis, the potentiometric sensor is fully integrated into a headband textile. This platform can be employed for non-invasive analysis of Na+ in human sweat for healthcare and disease diagnosis.

Automated summary

Here, a wearable potentiometric ion sensor for real-time monitoring of sodium ions in human sweat samples is presented. The sensor utilizes Na0.44MnO2 as the sensing material, and shows good analytical performance and detection range. The sensor is fully integrated into a headband textile for non-invasive analysis of sodium ions in sweat.