Journal
IEEE COMMUNICATIONS SURVEYS AND TUTORIALS
Volume 18, Issue 3, Pages 2084-2123Publisher
IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC
DOI: 10.1109/COMST.2016.2535718
Keywords
Altcoins; Bitcoin; blockchain; cryptocurrencies; digital currencies; distributed consensus; survey; tutorial
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Besides attracting a billion dollar economy, Bitcoin revolutionized the field of digital currencies and influenced many adjacent areas. This also induced significant scientific interest. In this survey, we unroll and structure the manyfold results and research directions. We start by introducing the Bitcoin protocol and its building blocks. From there we continue to explore the design space by discussing existing contributions and results. In the process, we deduce the fundamental structures and insights at the core of the Bitcoin protocol and its applications. As we show and discuss, many key ideas are likewise applicable in various other fields, so that their impact reaches far beyond Bitcoin itself.
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