Core-shell microparticles: From rational engineering to diverse applications

Core-shell microparticles, composed of solid, liquid, or gas bubbles surrounded by a protective shell, are gaining considerable attention as intelligent and versatile carriers that show great potential in biomedical fields. In this review, an overview is given of recent developments in design and applications of biodegradable core-shell systems. Several emerging methodologies including self-assembly, gas-shearing, and coaxial electrospray are discussed and microfluidics technology is emphasized in detail. Furthermore, the characteristics of core-shell microparticles in artificial cells, drug release and cell culture applications are discussed and the superiority of these advanced multi-core microparticles for the generation of artificial cells is highlighted. Finally, the respective developing orientations and limitations inherent to these systems are addressed. It is hoped that this review can inspire researchers to propel the development of this field with new ideas.

Automated summary

Core-shell microparticles are intelligent and versatile carriers that have great potential in biomedical fields. This review provides an overview of recent developments in the design and applications of biodegradable core-shell systems. Various emerging methodologies and microfluidics technology are discussed. Furthermore, the characteristics of core-shell microparticles in artificial cells, drug release, and cell culture applications are explored along with their advantages for the generation of artificial cells. The respective developing orientations and limitations of these systems are also addressed.