Journal
ADVANCED POWDER TECHNOLOGY
Volume 32, Issue 12, Pages 4609-4620Publisher
ELSEVIER
DOI: 10.1016/j.apt.2021.10.009
Keywords
Ti-Cu intermetallics; Thermal oxidation; Oxide nanoparticles; High-energy ball milling
Categories
Funding
- Coordenacao de Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal de Nivel Superior -Brasil (CAPES) [001]
- Sao Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP) [2018/04564-0]
- Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Sao Paulo (FAPESP) [18/04564-0] Funding Source: FAPESP
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This study prepared oxide nanoparticles through high-energy ball milling of Ti-Cu alloys followed by a controlled oxidation process. The Ti-50Cu alloy showed the best performance in low-temperature oxidation, producing a mix of various oxides including TiO2 and CuO.
Copper and titanium oxides in the nano-size range show unique chemical and physical properties and thus have been intensively considered for novel and smart applications. In this work, oxide nanoparticles were prepared by high-energy ball milling of Ti-Cu alloys followed by a controlled oxidation process. Alloys of the Ti-Cu system Ti-50Cu, Ti-57Cu, and Ti-65Cu (in wt.%) prepared by arc melting were selected considering they provide different starting brittle intermetallic phases before milling. Microstructural investigation indicated that Ti-50Cu was composed of Ti2Cu and TiCu, while Ti-57Cu was single-phase TiCu. Ti-65Cu was dual-phase and consisted of Ti3Cu4 and Ti2Cu3. A mean particle size below 10 nm was achieved after high-energy ball milling for all compositions. The oxidation process was then investigated in two temperature ranges. At high oxidation temperatures of 700-800 degrees C, a complete oxidation took place leading to oxides TiO2-rutile and CuO in all alloys. However, at a low oxidation temperature (350 degrees C), partial oxidation occurred and different oxides were obtained. Ti-50Cu was the most promising alloy and led to a mix of TiO2 (rutile and anatase), CuO, Cu2O, and Ti3Cu3O. After long exposure to thermal oxidation, the resulting oxides remained in the nanometric range with a particle size distribution showing a D50 of approximately 6 nm. (c) 2021 The Society of Powder Technology Japan. Published by Elsevier B.V. and The Society of Powder Technology Japan. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons. org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).
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