Journal
ADVANCED MATERIALS
Volume 33, Issue 52, Pages -Publisher
WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH
DOI: 10.1002/adma.202105962
Keywords
Coulombic efficiency; electrolyte regulation; interfacial evolution; lithium metal anodes; solid electrolyte interphase
Categories
Funding
- Beijing Natural Science Foundation [JQ20004, L182021]
- National Natural Science Foundation of China [21776019]
- Scientific and Technological Key Project of Shanxi Province [20191102003]
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By regulating the strong Li+-anion coordination structures and nucleation modulation procedure in a low-polarity solvent, high-efficiency Li plating/stripping can be achieved, improving cycling efficiency and minimizing solid electrolyte interface generation. The study shows potential for building high-energy-density Li metal batteries through these targeted interfacial designs.
Reversible lithium (Li) plating/stripping is essential for building practical high-energy-density batteries based on Li metal chemistry, which unfortunately remains a severe challenge. In this contribution, it is demonstrated that through the rational regulation of strong Li+-anion coordination structures in a highly compatible low-polarity solvent, 2-methyl tetrahydrofuran, the Li plating/stripping assisted by a nucleation modulation procedure delivers a remarkably high average Coulombic efficiency under rather demanding conditions (99.7% and 99.5% under 1.0 mA cm(-2), 3.0 mAh cm(-2) and 3.0 mA cm(-2), 3.0 mAh cm(-2), respectively). The exceedingly reversible cycling obtained herein is fundamentally correlated with the flattened Li deposition and minimized solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) generation/reconstruction in the customized condition, which notably restrains the growth rates of both dead Li-0 (0.0120 mAh per cycle) and SEI-Li+ (0.0191 mAh per cycle) during consecutive cycles. Benefiting from the efficient Li plating/stripping manner, the assembled anode-free Cu|LiFePO4 (2.7 mAh cm(-2)) coin and pouch cells exhibit impressive capacity retention of 43.8% and 41.6% after 150 cycles, respectively, albeit with no optimization on the test conditions. This work provides guidelines into the targeted interfacial design of high-efficiency working Li anodes, aiming to pave the way for the practical deployment of high-energy-density Li metal batteries.
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