4.8 Article

A Minimalist Binary Vaccine Carrier for Personalized Postoperative Cancer Vaccine Therapy

Journal

ADVANCED MATERIALS
Volume 34, Issue 10, Pages -

Publisher

WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH
DOI: 10.1002/adma.202109254

Keywords

cancer immunotherapy; cancer vaccine; nanovaccine; polymeric carriers; postoperative therapy

Funding

  1. Jilin Province Science and Technology Development Plan [YDZJ202101ZYTS131]
  2. National Natural Science Foundation of China [51973215, 52025035, 52003268, 52103194, 22105199, 51829302, 51833010]
  3. Bureau of International Cooperation Chinese Academy of Sciences [121522KYSB20200029]
  4. Youth Innovation Promotion Association of Chinese Academy of Sciences [2020232]
  5. Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities
  6. National Institutes of Health [CA189999]

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A minimalist binary nanovaccine (BiVax) has been designed to integrate innate stimulating activity into the carrier to elicit robust antitumor immunity, showing promising results in inducing strong immune responses against tumor cells.
In recent years, significant evolutions have been made in applying nanotechnologies for prophylactic and therapeutic cancer vaccine design. However, the clinical translation of nanovaccines is still limited owing to their complicated compositions and difficulties in the spatiotemporal coordination of antigen-presenting cell activation and antigen cross-presentation. Herein, a minimalist binary nanovaccine (BiVax) is designed that integrates innate stimulating activity into the carrier to elicit robust antitumor immunity. The authors started by making a series of azole molecules end-capped polyethylenimine (PEI-M), and were surprised to find that over 60% of the PEI-M polymers have innate stimulating activity via activation of the stimulator of interferon genes pathway. PEI-4BImi, a PEI-M obtained from a series of polymers, elicits robust antitumor immune responses when used as a subcutaneously injected nanovaccine by simply mixing with ovalbumin antigens, and this BiVax system performs much better than the traditional ternary vaccine system, as well as, commercialized aluminum-containing adjuvants. This system also enables the fast preparation of personalized BiVax by compositing PEI-4BImi with autologous tumor cell membrane protein antigens, and a 60% postoperative cure rate is observed when combined with immune checkpoint inhibitors.

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