Structural Engineering in Graphite-Based Metal-Ion Batteries

Graphite-derived carbon materials have been widely used in metal-ion batteries due to their good mechanical and electrical properties, cost effectiveness, light weight, and environmental friendliness. Though natural graphite has been commercially used in lithium-ion batteries, the small interlayer spacing hinders its application in other metal-ion batteries. As such, numerous works have been done to enhance the metal-ion storage capability of graphite and its derivatives. In this review, structural engineering on graphite including expanded graphite, graphite intercalation compounds and porous graphite, and the corresponding electrolyte engineering for lithium-ion batteries, sodium ion batteries, potassium ion batteries, and dual ion batteries are summarized, aiming to make a comparison between various strategies and give a suggestion on future work in this area.

Automated summary

Graphite-derived carbon materials are widely used in metal-ion batteries for their good mechanical and electrical properties, cost effectiveness, light weight, and environmental friendliness. Various studies have been conducted to enhance the metal-ion storage capability of graphite and its derivatives.