Mechanical strain in the mouse astrocytic lamina increases after exposure to recombinant trypsin

The responses of astrocytes in the optic nerve head (ONH) to mechanical and biochemical stimuli are important to understanding the degeneration of retinal ganglion cell axons in glaucoma. The ONH in glaucoma is vulnerable to stress produced by the intraocular pressure (IOP). Notably, after three days of elevated IOP in a mouse model, the junctions between the astrocytic processes and the peripapillary sclera were altered and the structural compliance of the ONH increased. In order to simulate this aspect of glaucomatous remodeling, explanted mouse eyes were treated with TrypLE, a recombinant trypsin enzyme. Treatment with TrypLE caused the periphery of the astrocytic lamina to contract radially by 0.044 +/- 0.038. Transmission electron microscopy showed that TrypLE caused a separation of the end-feet of the astrocyte processes from the basement membrane at the junction with the sclera. Inflation testing after treatment with TrypLE caused an increased strain response in the astrocytic lamina compared to the strain response before treatment. The greatest increase was in the radial Green-Lagrange strain, Err = 0.028 +/- 0.009, which increased by 340%. The alterations in the microstructure and in the strain re-sponse of the astrocytic lamina reported in mouse experimental glaucoma were partially reproduced by experimental treatment of mouse eyes with TrypLE. The results herein suggest that separation of junc-tions between the astrocyte processes and the sclera may be instrumental in increasing the structural compliance of the ONH after a period of elevated IOP.Statement of significance Astrocytes of the optic nerve of the eye spread out from edge to edge across the optic nerve in a re-gion referred to as the astrocytic lamina. In an experimental model of glaucoma caused by elevated eye -pressure, there is disruption of the connections between astrocytes and the edge of the astrocytic lamina. We caused a similar event in the lamina by incubating explanted mouse eyes with an enzyme. Disrup-tion of the astrocyte connections to the edge of their tissue caused the tissue to stretch more when we increased the eye-pressure, compared to the control tissue. This work is the first on the tissue of the optic nerve to demonstrate the importance of cell connections in preventing the over-stretching of the astrocytic lamina.(c) 2022 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Automated summary

Understanding the responses of astrocytes in the optic nerve head to mechanical and biochemical stimuli is crucial for studying retinal ganglion cell axon degeneration in glaucoma. In a mouse model, elevated intraocular pressure caused alterations in the junctions between astrocytic processes and the peripapillary sclera, leading to increased structural compliance of the optic nerve head. Experimental treatment with TrypLE enzyme partially reproduced these alterations, suggesting the significance of astrocyte-sclera junction separation in increasing ONH compliance.