Journal
ACS NANO
Volume 15, Issue 11, Pages 17439-17452Publisher
AMER CHEMICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c03231
Keywords
extracellular vesicles; hydrogels; nanotherapeutics; biomanufacturing; mechanobiology; mesenchymal stromal cells; tissue injury
Categories
Funding
- National Institutes of Health [R01-HL141255, R01-GM141147, R00-HL125884, R01-HL084153, R01-AG044404, T32-HL07829]
- American Heart Association [19PRE34380087]
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Recent research showed that seeding mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) on engineered hydrogels mimicking soft tissue elasticity leads to an approximately 10-fold increase in extracellular vesicles (EVs) secretion per cell, potentially due to faster transport of multivesicular bodies (MVBs) within MSCs on soft hydrogels, resulting in increased EV secretion. The study also revealed that the Actin-related protein 2/3 complex, rather than myosin-II, limits MVB transport and EV secretion from MSCs on hydrogels.
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are cell-secreted particles with broad potential to treat tissue injuries by delivering cargo to program target cells. However, improving the yield of functional EVs on a per cell basis remains challenging due to an incomplete understanding of how microenvironmental cues regulate EV secretion at the nanoscale. We show that mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) seeded on engineered hydrogels that mimic the elasticity of soft tissues with a lower integrin ligand density secrete similar to 10-fold more EVs per cell than MSCs seeded on a rigid plastic substrate, without compromising their therapeutic activity or cargo to resolve acute lung injury in mice. Mechanistically, intracellular CD63(+) multivesicular bodies (MVBs) transport faster within MSCs on softer hydrogels, leading to an increased frequency of MVB fusion with the plasma membrane to secrete more EVs. Actin-related protein 2/3 complex but not myosin-II limits MVB transport and EV secretion from MSCs on hydrogels. The results provide a rational basis for biomaterial design to improve EV secretion while maintaining their functionality.
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