Journal
ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES
Volume 13, Issue 46, Pages 54896-54905Publisher
AMER CHEMICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c13872
Keywords
water splitting; two-step annealing; Sn diffusion; doping; hematite
Funding
- NRF [NRF-2019M1A2A2065612, NRF-2020R1A2C2014050]
- Development of low-temperature processible photoresist project Fund of UNIST [1.210126.01]
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The study manipulated the Sn concentration in hematite through a two-step annealing process, resulting in reduced structural disorder and improved charge transport ability, leading to higher photocurrent density. By decorating with efficient co-catalyst, a further increase in photocurrent density was achieved. The optimized hematite photocatalyst demonstrated improved charging potential and cyclability in solar-assisted chargeable batteries compared to expensive Ir/C.
The photoelectrochemical performance of a co-doped hematite photoanode might be hindered due to the unintentionally diffused Sn from a fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) substrate during the high-temperature annealing process by providing an increased number of recombination centers and structural disorder. We employed a two-step annealing process to manipulate the Sn concentration in co-doped hematite. The Sn content [Sn/(Sn + Fe)] of a two-step annealing sample decreased to 1.8 from 6.9% of a one-step annealing sample. Si and Sn co-doped hematite with the reduced Sn content exhibited less structural disorder and improved charge transport ability to achieve a 3.0 mA cm(-2) photocurrent density at 1.23 V-RHE, which was 1.3-fold higher than that of the reference Si and Sn co-doped Fe2O3 (2.3 mA cm(-2)). By decorating with the efficient co-catalyst NiFe(OH)(x), a maximum photocurrent density of 3.57 mA cm(-2) was achieved. We further confirmed that the high charging potential and poor cyclability of the zinc-air battery could be dramatically improved by assembling the optimized, stable, and low-cost hematite photocatalyst with excellent OER performance as a substitute for expensive Ir/C in the solar-assisted chargeable battery. This study demonstrates the significance of manipulating the unintentionally diffused Sn content diffused from FTO to maximize the OER performance of the co-doped hematite.
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