4.8 Article

Alkali Metal Fluoride-Modified Tin Oxide for n-i-p Planar Perovskite Solar Cells

Journal

ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES
Volume 13, Issue 42, Pages 50083-50092

Publisher

AMER CHEMICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c16519

Keywords

perovskite solar cells; additive engineering; electron transport layer; tin oxide; alkali metal fluoride

Funding

  1. National Natural Science Foundation of China [U1705256, 21771066, 51972123, 61804058]

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The study introduced alkali metal fluoride as an additive in perovskite solar cells, leading to improved stability and performance, achieving a power conversion efficiency of 22.51%. This provides a typical example of low-cost and multifunctional additives in high-performance PSCs.
The practical applications of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are limited by further improvement of their stability and performance. Additive engineering and interface engineering are promising medicine to cure this stubborn disease. Herein, an alkali metal fluoride as an additive is introduced into the tin oxide (SnO2) electron transport layer (ETL). The formation of coordination bonds of F- ions with the oxygen vacancy of Sn4+ ions decreases the trap-state density and improves the electron mobility; the hydrogen bond interaction between the F ion and amine group (FA(+)) of perovskite inhibits the diffusion of organic cations and promotes perovskite (PVK) stability. Meanwhile, the alkali metal ions (K+, Rb+, and Cs+) permeated into PVK fill the organic cation vacancies and ameliorate the crystal quality of PVK films. Consequently, a SnO2-based planar PSC exhibits a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 20.24%, while the PSC modified by CsF achieves a PCE of 22.51%, accompanied by effective enhancement of stability and negligible hysteresis. The research results provide a typical example for low-cost and multifunctional additives in high-performance PSCs.

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