Trait-based ecological classifications for benthic algae: review and perspectives

A high number of species often represents a relevant redundancy in terms of ecological adaptation strategies. Collecting species to groups based on their functional adaptations can handle this redundancy and obtain the real functional complexity of ecosystems. Functional traits are proxies of adaptation strategies under particular environmental conditions, and a set of functional traits are interpreted as life-strategies. Organisms with life-strategies occupying a similar niche can be collected in ecological groups (functional group/guild). In this study, we review the latest trait-based approaches and existing attempts at functional classifications in phytobenthos studies. Advantages and shortcomings of these classifications are discussed with perspectives of their utility in ecological status assessment.