Impact of the Climate Change on the climate and the water resources of Morocco on horizons 2020, 2050 and 2080 and measures of adaptation

This article presents results of various projections of climate and water resources of Morocco for 2080. They are based on the scenarios of emission of Greenhouse Gases Held retained by the 5th report of the GIEC, on 2013. Impact on the Climate of Morocco: Downward trend in the annual accumulations of precipitation varying between 10 % and 30 % depending on the scenario and region considered; Upward trend of annual global average temperatures varying between 2 and 5 degrees C depending on the scenario and region considered. Impact on water resources: Downward trend of the volume of water resources varying between 7,6 % and 40,6 %; Important reduction of capital water / year / capita, that must lead to a situation of water shortage between horizons 2030 and 2050; An increase of the demand in water (especially for irrigation); A worsening of overexploitation; A worsening of overexploitation of ground-waters; An increase salinity of coastal aquifers due to the invasion of marine waters; Several adaptation measures of the water sector to climate change are recommended. These recommendations focus mainly on: The continuation and the strengthening of the efforts realized in irrigation water savings (which represent more than 80% of the annual volume of the water mobilized); Developing the use of unconventional water resources: desalinate the sea water, demineralization brackish waters, re-use uncluttered waste water; developing the artificial recharge of over-exploited aquifers; The fight against pollution of water resources: discharges of domestic and industrial gross waste water, infiltration of leachates in the gross discharges.