Journal
LEARNING ENVIRONMENTS RESEARCH
Volume 25, Issue 2, Pages 445-463Publisher
SPRINGERNATURE
DOI: 10.1007/s10984-021-09373-y
Keywords
4C; ID model; Complex skills; Instructional design; Meta-analysis; Performance
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Funding
- FundacAo para a Ciencia e a Tecnologia, I.P. (FCT) [UIDB/04466/2020, UIDP/04466/2020]
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The meta-analysis shows that educational programs developed with the 4C/ID model have a high impact on performance, regardless of academic area or study design. The level of education is a significant moderator affecting the effectiveness of the model.
The four-component instructional design model (4C/ID) has been increasingly used in face-to-face and online learning environments. We present a meta-analysis on the use and effect on performance of educational programs developed with the 4C/ID model after more than 20 years of its application and research in different academic areas and technical training. We performed the meta-analysis through the combination of effect sizes from studies using Cohen's d. The combination of the studies suggests that the use of educational programs developed with 4C/ID has a high impact on performance (d = 0.79 standard deviations), regardless of the academic area, the design of the study and the outcome (knowledge and complex skills). The grade under study was a significant moderator on the effect, showing that the higher-education level is more suitable for application of the 4C/ID model. Our results suggest that the use of the 4C/ID model should be prioritized as an instructional model in college and university learning environments.
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