Communal Architecture at Boncuklu Tarla, Mardin Province, Turkey

Villages of the Preceramic Neolithic in the Near East are marked by a new style of construction, created to play a new, essential function. Indeed, it is in this period that, outside of residential habitations, communal buildings make their first appearance in the heart of Near Eastern villages. It is without doubt one of the first clear, historical attestations of social differentiation/organization in architecture. Truly, reflections on such constructions lead one to attribute to them adjectives aimed at encapsulating their supposed functions, such as collective, communal, monumental, public, cultic, storage structures, or even megalithic (Aurenche and Kozlowski 2000; Stordeur 2014; Watkins 2006; Goring-Morris and Belfer-Cohen 2014; Hauptmann 2012). The terminology here reflects considerably varying interpretations, often complementary and essentially derived from the architectural data, as the buildings reveal ground plans and internal structures that are quite distinct.

Automated summary

The villages of the Preceramic Neolithic in the Near East witnessed the emergence of a new style of construction, with communal buildings appearing alongside residential habitations for the first time, marking a clear historical attestation of social differentiation and organization in architecture. Scholars have studied and classified these buildings in depth, attributing various adjectives to them in order to encapsulate their supposed functions, based on distinct ground plans and internal structures.