Primary Peritoneal Rhabdomyosarcomatosis in a 2-Year-Old Child Treated with Cytoreductive Surgery and Hyperthermic Intraperitoneal Chemotherapy - Case Report and Review of Literature

Pediatric peritoneal sarcomatosis is an exceedingly rare entity with unknown incidence. Within these tumors, primary peritoneal rhabdomyosarcoma constitutes a small fraction. Majority of them are probably treated inadequately and have dismal outcomes. A favorable subset exists where aggressive treatment in the form of cytoreductive surgery supplemented by hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy in the multimodal setting can be attempted. We present a case of primary peritoneal embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma in a 2-year-old child who was treated with systemic chemotherapy, cytoreductive surgery, and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy while avoiding radiation, with its evidence and rationale.

Automated summary

Pediatric primary peritoneal embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma is a rare entity with majority of cases being inadequately treated and having poor outcomes. However, in certain cases, aggressive treatment through cytoreductive surgery and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy can lead to favorable outcomes.