Journal
CURRENT DEVELOPMENTS IN NUTRITION
Volume 5, Issue 9, Pages -Publisher
OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC
DOI: 10.1093/cdn/nzab101
Keywords
undernutrition; rice bran; environmental enteric dysfunction biomarkers; metabolome; trace elements; glucagon-like peptide 2; heavy metals
Categories
Funding
- Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation-Grand Challenges Explorations in Global Health award [OPP1043255]
- US Fulbright Faculty Development scholarship award
- Fogarty International Center [D43TW010923]
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases [K24AI141744]
- National Science Foundation [1828902]
- National Institute of Food and Agriculture from the United States Department of Agriculture (NIFA-USDA) [2016-67001-24538]
- Direct For Education and Human Resources
- Division Of Graduate Education [1828902] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
- Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation [OPP1043255] Funding Source: Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation
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The supplementation of rice bran (RB) has been shown to provide nutrients and modulate gut inflammation, reducing the risk of environmental enteric dysfunction (EED) in children in low- and middle-income countries. A 6-month study in weaning infants in Nicaragua found that daily RB dietary supplementation influenced a suite of metabolites associated with growth promotion and development, while also supporting nutrient absorption.
Background: Environmental enteric dysfunction (EED) is associated with chronic gut inflammation affecting nutrient absorption and development of children, primarily in low- and middle-income countries. Several studies have shown that rice bran (RB) supplementation provides nutrients and modulates gut inflammation, which may reduce risk for undernutrition. Objective: The aim was to evaluate the effect of daily RB dietary supplementation for 6 mo on serum biomarkers in weaning infants and associated changes in serum and stool metabolites. Methods: A 6-mo randomized-controlled dietary intervention was conducted in a cohort of weaning 6-mo-old infants in Leon, Nicaragua. Anthropometric indices were obtained at 6, 8, and 12 mo. Serum and stool ionomics and metabolomics were completed at the end of the 6-mo intervention using inductively coupled plasma MS and ultra-high performance LC-tandem MS. The alpha 1-acid glycoprotein, C-reactive protein, and glucagon-like peptide 2 (GLP-2) serum EED biomarkers were measured by ELISA. Results: Twenty-four infants in the control group and 23 in the RB group successfully completed the 6-mo dietary intervention with 90% dietary compliance. RB participants had higher concentrations of GLP-2 as compared with control participants at 12 mo [median (IQR): 743.53 (380.54) pg/mL vs. 592.50 (223.59) pg/mL; P = 0.04]. Metabolite profiles showed significant fold differences of 39 serum metabolites and 44 stool metabolites from infants consuming RB compared with control, and with significant metabolic pathway enrichment scores of 4.7 for the tryptophan metabolic pathway, 5.7 for polyamine metabolism, and 5.7 for the fatty acid/acylcholine metabolic pathway in the RB group. No differences were detected in serum and stool trace elements or heavy metals following daily RB intake for 6 mo. Conclusions: RB consumption influences a suite of metabolites associated with growth promotion and development, while also supporting nutrient absorption as measured by changes in serum GLP-2 in Nicaraguan infants. Rice bran modulates glucagon-like peptide 2, serum, and stool metabolites in weaning Nicaraguan infants.
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