How to Maximize the Value Recovered from Li-Ion Batteries: Hydrometallurgical or Direct Recycling?

Although the US has minimal reserves of the raw materials needed to make EV batteries, EOL material can contribute to domestic supply. However, this valuable resource will be exported if it is not economical to recycle it here. Hydrometallurgical recycling plants are being built now, with the expectation that they will be profitable, but profits will decline with cobalt content. By the time that happens, direct recycling will be sufficiently developed to take up the slack. Both processes will then be available to upgrade recovered materials to more up-to-date chemistries, securing a domestic supply of these materials.

Automated summary

Although the US has limited reserves of raw materials for EV batteries, recycling of end-of-life materials can help supplement domestic supply. Hydrometallurgical recycling plants are being constructed with expectations of profit, but profitability will decrease as cobalt content declines. Eventually, direct recycling will be developed enough to make up for this, ensuring a domestic supply of these materials.