Journal
POLICY AND SOCIETY
Volume 40, Issue 3, Pages 295-311Publisher
OXFORD UNIV PRESS
DOI: 10.1080/14494035.2021.1965379
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Policy tools are essential for achieving policy goals, with substantive tools directly impacting policy outcomes, while procedural tools indirectly influence policy processes. This study aims to fill the gap in understanding the role of procedural tools in public policy-making.
Policy tools are a critical part of policy-making, providing the 'means' by which policy 'ends' are achieved. Knowledge of their different origin, nature and capabilities is vital for understanding policy formulation and decision-making, and they have been the subject of inquiry in many policy-related disciplines and sector-specific studies. Yet many crucial aspects of policy tools remain unexplored. Existing studies on policy tools used in policy formulation tend to focus on 'substantive' tools - those used to directly affect policy outcomes such as regulation or subsidies - and largely neglect 'procedural' tools used to indirectly but significantly affect policy processes and outcomes. A key aim of this special issue is to fill this knowledge gap in the field. This article introduces the issue by establishing that procedural tools play a more determining role in public policy-making than is generally acknowledged and deserve a more systematic inquiry into their workings, their impact on the policy process and the organization and delivery of public and private goods and services.
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