Journal
HAND CLINICS
Volume 32, Issue 2, Pages 103-+Publisher
W B SAUNDERS CO-ELSEVIER INC
DOI: 10.1016/j.hcl.2015.12.001
Keywords
Peripheral nerve injury; Peripheral nerve regeneration; Skeletal muscle reinnervation; Motor nerve sprouting; Perisynaptic Schwann cells; Chronic Schwann cell denervation; Axotomy
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Poor functional outcomes are frequent after peripheral nerve injuries despite the regenerative support of Schwann cells. Motoneurons and, to a lesser extent, sensory neurons survive the injuries but outgrowth of axons across the injury site is slow. The neuronal regenerative capacity and the support of regenerating axons by the chronically denervated Schwann cells progressively declines with time and distance of the injury from the denervated targets. Strategies, including brief low frequency electrical stimulation that accelerates target reinnervation and functional recovery, and the insertion of cross-bridges between a donor nerve and a recipient denervated nerve stump, are effective in promoting functional outcomes after complete and incomplete injuries.
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