Cognitive styles and religion

I discuss recent research suggesting that individual differences in cognitive style give rise to and explain religious and related supernatural and paranormal beliefs. To do so, I illustrate intuitive cognitive biases (e.g., anthropomorphism) underlying these beliefs and then review the accumulated evidence indicating that non-believers are more open-minded, reflective, and less susceptible to holding epistemically suspect beliefs (e.g., conspiracy theories) on average than those who believe in supernatural events or paranormal experiences such as astrology or magic. However, seeing religion as a search for truth positively predicts reasoning performance. Although these findings are robust across diverse measures, evidence for a causal relationship remains mixed. Stronger and more precise manipulations and cross-cultural investigations are needed.

Automated summary

Research suggests that individual differences in cognitive style contribute to the existence of religious and supernatural beliefs, with non-believers being more open-minded, reflective, and less susceptible to believing in epistemically suspect theories. However, those who view religion as a search for truth show better reasoning performance. Further studies with stronger manipulations and cross-cultural investigations are needed to better understand this relationship.